The financial, credit, investment – economic groups. A modern interpretation of the scientific work in theoretical finance and credit in accordance with the specifications of research is characterized by diverse and many were razed to the ground.
The definition of total economic relations, which consists of the process of formation, distribution and utilization of resources, because there are different sources of money. For example, the “general theory of finance” There are two definitions Finance:
1) “… Finance reflect the economic relationships, sources of construction funds, the process distribution and redistribution of national income in accordance with the distribution and use.” This definition has been given in relation to the conditions of capitalism, when the cash commodity relations to the universal nature, 2) Financial constitutes the formation of a centralized ad decentralized sources of money and economic relations between the allocation and use, are used in public roles and responsibilities, and ensure that the conditions of production continued to increase . This definition has not proved its surroundings. We partially agree with the analysis of financial management and I think it appropriate to make some demands.
The first step is to prevent economic estimates of distribution and redistribution of national income of the service, although the basis for funding. In addition, formation and use of depreciation, which is part of the financial sector, does not fall within the distribution and redistribution of national income (value of the newly formed during the year), but the distribution has already developed a value.
Last First, it seems, part of the cost of basic production assets, and later he moved to of finished products (ie, value, too), and since its introduction, and it set a depressed stock. Its source is taken into account before hand, as a sort of depression consistency of the final product price.
The second most important goal to fund a much wider “performance of public functions and responsibilities as well as to create conditions to further expand production.” Funding exists at State level and at the level of production and industry as well, and in such a situation, when a large part of production are not public.
VM Rodionov has a different view: “The actual shape of the distribution of funds will start once the value has been achieved and the specific economic form of consistency separated from the profits realized.” VM Rodionov, financial stress, because the spread of relations, when the DS Moliakov stress of the industrial base economy. Although they both offer a sufficient justification for the discussion resources for education, distribution and use of sources of money that comes out is defined as follows finance economic relations has become a process of distribution and redistribution as well as the partial value of national wealth and gross national income associated with the themes of economic establishment and use of public money income and savings, further expand production, material incentives for employees to meet their social and other needs.
Handbook of economics will find Finance is defined as follows:
Finance of the Socialist government of economic (monetary) relations with, the planned income and savings accrued to the state and socialist production was established to ensure the production of growth, more material and cultural level of people and meet other general studies of society. ”
” System development and use of the funds needed to ensure existing resources to the socialist production increased to continue to provide financing is a socialist society. Combination of economic relations with the authorities, was born, manufactures, and organizations, industries, regions and individual citizens in accordance with business resources, so that economic relations. ”
As we have seen, the definition of financial donors and economists did not differ significantly.
Each discussed the situation there:
1), the words and the essence of the phenomenon of the financing agreement definition, 2) identify funding and system development and use of sources of funding phenomena.
3) Breakdown of the economic social product and the value of national income determination of the distribution of a routine nature, the main objectives of economic and financial relations between the maintenance of which it is used.
If you waive the preposition “of socialism “definition of money, we can say that it is still valid. We will meet the traditional definition of the funds without the adjective” socialist “in modern economic literature. We can give an explanation:” The funding is money for the production and use, as well as money relations generated distribution of values resulting from the financial product and national wealth to develop and further the production of income and savings of economic agents and state agency employees and the satisfaction of social needs. Finance and visualization, because DS Moliakov and definitions, VM Rodionov, after the traditions, the expansion of our economic base. They relate to the “distribution and redistribution of economic value is created a product, as well as the partial breakdown of the value of national wealth.” The latter is very important in relation to privatization and the transition to private life and is sometimes used in practice in different countries, including Britain and France.
“economy – Money is the resources, their development and business, distribution and redistribution and use, and economic relations, due to intercalculations between companies, cash, circulation and usage.
” Money Matters system of economic relations are related to business creation, distribution and use of financial resources. “meet in a completely new definition of Finance’s authority and consistent Z., R. Merton ‘in the basis. Finance – science of how people spend their” deficit in cash flow and revenue for a certain period. Economic solutions are characterized by costs and revenues, which are: 1) are separated in time, and 2) is usually impossible to calculate them in advance, or who have received the decision, and no other person “.” Economic theory consists of the number of claims … systematically exploring the objects in the allocation of funds in respect of the time factor, it also considers the quantitative models, where the score turned to life and implement alternative solutions to a variety of economic, are kept. ”
These basic concepts and quantitative models of all levels of financing, but the final determination of funding will meet the following financial role in learning: The main task of funding the needs of residents, business units of any (business, as well as all levels of government), which is designed to meet the basic functions.
for this monograph, it is important to compare the well-known definition of financial, credit and investment, in order to can decide how and how much you can combine the financial, investment and loans to a single part.
Some of the researchers that the loan is part of the funding when it was discussed from the perspective of nature and class. Other diverse group shows that the economic categories of credit exist simultaneously economic category of finance, where he stressed that it is impossible to credit a consistency Finance.
NK Kuchukova stressed the independence of class credit and finds that his “movement was characterized by a value that does not involve the transfer of credit opportunities, and intellectual property rights.
ND Barkovski replied that the activities of money to create an economic basis for the allocation of financing and credit facilities with their own group and led to economic relations. He said an epistemological roots of science of monetary, financial concerns, such as scientific study of economic relations based on cash flow and loans.
Let’s discuss the most common definitions of credit. In the present credit publications, seems to be a “lucky”, then Finance. For example, we will meet later determination of credit in the economic and financial dictionary: “The loan is a loan in cash and goods to the conditions of return are usually the interest rate. Credit is a form of loan capital movements and economic relationship between lenders and borrowers.”
This is the traditional definition of credit. In previous economic dictionary, says: “Credit is a system of economic relations, which consists of transfer of funds and material resources for temporary use, as usual, the conditions of return and the payment of interest.”
Handbook of Economics published in reducing VA Medvedev following definition of the “Credit as an economic category of relationship has been established society, teamwork, and workers in the process of formation and use of borrowed funds in accordance with the terms of payment now and go back to the time of transmission sources for temporary use and deposition. Credit is treated as follows in the previous school-books in economics “Credit for foreign relations, arising from the use and operation of the temporary release of funds from the state budget, labor unions, manufacturing, organizations and individuals. Loans are not objective. It is used to further expand the production of the public and other needs. Credit card differs from the Ministry of Finance through the back of organic production and financing and organization of the state met this criterion. ”
we will meet later determination if” the amount of the economy: “Credit financial group, which represents the relationship, and some industry organizations or individuals to transfer funds to each other” temporary use under the terms of repayment. Establishment deserves the historical process of implementing economic and monetary relations, the shape is the quality of communication. ”
When researchers give slightly different definitions of credit:
” loan – a loan in cash or goods to be granted the borrower and the lender’s return on rate payment of part of the debtor. ”
Thank you temporarily idle funds from sources of goods, such as debt under certain conditions, the price of a fixed percentage. So the loan is a loan in cash or goods. during the transfer of the loan, certain relationships are forged between the creditors (credit is given legal and physical persons , which give money as debt) and debtors.
By combining all of the above definition, we concluded that the loan provides money for capital goods required under certain conditions, and material support costs, speed the percentage of the company. It is certain economic relations with the parties to the process of capital formation. need credit relations is due to the collection of the amount temporarily free sources of money, but on the other hand, it is their demands.
While at the same time, we must distinguish between two similar concepts: Credit and credit cards. Credit is characterized by:
° Here you can discuss what to transfer money, but also things that form a single party (the debtor) to another (the borrower):) under the command of the borrower and at the same time b) return the same amount or the same quantity and quality issues <; / P> · borrowing money is not not benefit
• Anyone can participate in it.
Unlike a loan, credit, which is somehow a special case of a loan, means: · one party (lender) to another (the borrower’s ) cash only, and _ for temporary use,
· She can not have any interest (if the transfer does not have any)
· this person of the creditor, but the institution (mainly banks).
So the loan is a bank loan. We believe that it is not correct to use “credit” and “credit” interchangeably.
Bank lending is the Union’s relations with the Bank (as lender) and the borrower. These relationships concern:
) Giving a certain amount borrower for a specific purpose (though our so-called free loans to the aims and objects of credit must be established name)
b) a timely return;
c) How the interest rate the borrower for the use of sources available to it.
the primordial essence of credit and its availability is an important part of trust between the parties (from the Latin “credo” which is the word “credit”, which means “trust”).
What monetary forms (in the abstract, the historical process of formation of economic relations and the social budget and the banking systems have expressed them), comparing different definitions of finance and credit, the paradox seems to be: Credit is a special funding. And indeed, the cash forms of financing the process of formation and use of funds of funds. Very often, these movements are carried out without returning, but sometimes it can give the budget for investment projects to meet other needs. In addition, production or businesses to spend money, and we are referring to industrial property finance topics such as use can be implemented in the production or the company (not a question of restoration or return to use), so free of charge in return. the latter is a commercial form, as transfer of funds from others, but in this case, it is part of the economic production and the company.
in terms of cash flow is the main character of the loan decision-making and the use of funds of funds in terms of return and rule by a percentage point. If the port value of the credit does not appear (even in exceptional cases) in accordance with the movement of the form , credit is a special funding, which will net financial assets (ie, the state budget) loans, which do not have interests that may be used. If the port value of the credit occurs, the event is a form of credit to economic changes.
From a historical perspective, the financial ( especially a state budget) and credit (from usury, then commercial and banking) to develop ways to deal with credit is part of Finance. Although a genetic point of view, history previous borrowers, before giving credit, you must earn the permanent capital is not returned, or net financial foundation. Also banks should be the concentration of essential fairness influxing consumers and obtain a greater share of rates in return. In this case, it is the economic base, a sort of resources (which later became part of the fund) in the bank’s capital seems to clause (insurance) part of the fund, which is economic in nature and not loans . Thus, although there are considerable differences in finance and credit in the form of the genetic-historical perspective, the credit seems to set up funds and to modify them.
From the basic position of expression of economic relations, finance and credit, we are faced with fundamental differences between these two groups. What are the biggest differences between forms can be found, even though the back or not. Finance to express relations of distribution and redistribution of social product and the proportion of national wealth. Credit distribution of the corresponding value is only in this section, the percentage may be